River crayfish are among the oldest living organisms on Earth. Once widespread in European waters, these large freshwater invertebrates are now considered endangered. Today, they are typically found only in natural, secluded areas, where they remain isolated and hidden. While over 600 crayfish species are known worldwide, only a few are native to Europe. River crayfish can inhabit nearly all types of freshwater ecosystems. Due to their bottom-dwelling lifestyle, their dual role as both predators and prey in the food web, and their broad dietary adaptability, they are regarded as key species in aquatic ecosystems. When present in high densities, they can significantly influence the ecological dynamics of these environments. Until the late 19th century, river crayfish were abundant not only in this region but throughout Central Europe. However, the introduction of crayfish plague, increasing water pollution, and various human-induced disturbances severely impacted native populations. This presentation will provide an overview of the river crayfish species of Central and Eastern Europe, their historical and current distribution, and the threats they face. In light of recent scientific findings, their ecological interactions and fascinating behavioral traits will be examined. The ” Südtiroler Bachkrebs ” conservation project, initiated approximately 25 years ago, will be highlighted as a successful effort in protecting and sustaining an endangered species. Finally, the discussion will address the current status of river crayfish populations and explore potential future conservation strategies.
Leopold Füreder is a retired professor at the Institute of Ecology at the University of Innsbruck. He led the research group on river ecology and nature conservation and has been involved for several decades with the distribution, ecology, and threats of European river crayfish species. He has also conducted several species conservation projects in South Tyrol for the protection and repopulation of the native stream crayfish
The event can also be followed online on the Museum’s YouTube channel.
